Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.

Ajzen, I. (2006). Theory of Planned Behavior Model Diagram. Retrieved from http://people.umass.edu/aizen/tpb.diag.html, Accessed Feb. 11, 2017.

Ajzen, I. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: Reactions and reflections. Psychology & Health, 26(9), 1113–1127. doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2011.613995

Ajzen, I., Joyce, N., Sheikh, S., & Cote, N. G. (2011). Knowledge and the Prediction of Behavior: The Role of Information Accuracy in the Theory of Planned Behavior. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 33(2), 101–117.

Ajzen, I., Homepage. Constructing a Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire. Retrieved from http://people.umass.edu/aizen/pdf/tpb.measurement.pdf, Accessed Jun. 5, 2016.

Ajzen, I., Homepage 2. Sample TPB Questionnaire. Retrieved from http://people.umass.edu/aizen/pdf/tpb.questionnaire.pdf, Accessed Jun. 5, 2016.

Akitsu Y., Ishihara K. N., Okumura H., & Yamasue, E. (2016). An investigation of energy literacy among lower secondary school students in Japan: A comparison with the US (NY State) measuring of knowledge, affect, and behavior. Journal of Energy and Environmental Education, 10(2), 15–28.

Akitsu, Y., Ishihara, K. N., Okumura, H., & Yamasue, E. (2017). Investigating energy literacy and its structural model for lower secondary students in Japan, International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 12(5), 1067-1095.

Alwin, D. F., & Krosnick, J. A. (1991). Aging, Cohorts, and the Stability of Sociopolitical Orientations Over the Life Span. American Journal of Sociology, 97(1), 169–195. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2781642.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:deacd0a6762bc78ebd2475cc4efcb02b

Anable, J., Lane, B., & Kelay, T. (2006). An Evidence Base Review of Public Attitudes to Climate Change and Transport Behaviour: Final Report, Department for Transport, London. http://www.pdfwww.china-up.com:8080/international/case/case/1457.pdf

Bamberg, S., & Schmidt, P. (2003). Incentives, Morality, Or Habit? Predicting Students’ Car Use for University Routes With the Models of Ajzen, Schwartz, and Triandis. Environment and Behavior, 35(2), 264–285.

Black, J. S., Stern, P. C., & Elworth, J. T. (1985). Personal and contextual influences on household energy adaptations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(1), 3–21.

Botetzagias, I., Dima, A. F., & Malesios, C. (2015). Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior in the context of recycling: The role of moral norms and of demographic predictors. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 95, 58–67. doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.12.004

Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage focus editions, 154, 144

Cabinet Office, Quality-of-Life Policy Bureau, Government of Japan (2009). The Results on National Lifestyle survey (summary), Retrieved from http://www5.cao.go.jp/seikatsu/monitor/pdf/kankyosyohi090225.pdf. Accessed Jun. 6, 2016.

Chan, L., & Bishop, B. (2013). A moral basis for recycling: Extending the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 36, 96–102. doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.07.010

Chawla, L. (1999). Life Paths Into Effective Environmental Action. The Journal of Environmental Education, 31(1), 15–26. doi.org/10.1080/0095896990959862835

Chen, M. F., & Tung, P. J. (2010). The moderating effect of perceived lack of facilities on consumers’ recycling intentions. Environment and Behavior, 42(6), 824-844.

Chen, M. F., & Tung, P. J. (2014). Developing an extended theory of planned behavior model to predict consumers’ intention to visit green hotels. International journal of hospitality management, 36, 221-230.

Chen, S. J., Chou, Y. C., Yen, H. Y., & Chao, Y. L. (2015). Investigating and structural modeling energy literacy of high school students in Taiwan. Energy Efficiency, 8(14).

Christensen, R., & Knezek, G. (2015). The climate change attitude survey: Measuring middle school student beliefs and intentions to enact positive environmental change. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 10(5), 773–788. doi.org/10.12973/ijese.2015.276a

COP 21, United Nations (2015). Adoption of the Paris Agreement. Conference of the Parties on Its Twenty-First Session, 21932 (December), 32. Retrieved from http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf, Accessed Feb. 4, 2016.

Cordano, M., Welcomer, S. A., & Shere, R. F. (2003). An Analysis of the Predictive Validity of the New Ecological Paradigm Scale. The Journal of Environmental Education, 34(3), 22–28.

Craig, C., & Allen, M. W. (2015). The impact of curriculum-based learning on environmental literacy and energy consumption with implications for policy. Utilities Policy, 35, 41–49.

Davidson, A. R., Yantis, S., Norwood, M., & Montano, D. E. (1985). Amount of information about the attitude object and attitude–behavior consistency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1184– 1198.

DeWaters, J. E., & Powers, S. E. (2007). Energy Literacy (Presentation material), Center for the Environment, Clarkson University Potsdam, NY, Major funding by the National Science Foundation Distinguished Teaching Scholars Program.

DeWaters, J. E., & Powers, S. E. (2011). Energy literacy of secondary students in New York State (USA): A measure of knowledge, affect, and behavior. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1699–1710. doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.12.0496

DeWaters, J. E., & Powers, S. E. (2013). Establishing measurement criteria for an energy literacy questionnaire. The Journal of Environmental Education, 44(1), 38–55. doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2012.711378

DeWaters, J. E., Qaqish, B., Graham, M. E., & Powers, S. E. (2013a). Designing an Energy Literacy Questionnaire for middle and high school youth. The Journal of Environmental Education, 44(1), 56–78.

DeWaters, J. E (2013b). Energy Literacy Survey-A Broad Assessment of Attitudes and Behaviors- Middle School issue. Accessed 25 Jan 2014, http://www.clarkson.edu/cses/research/test_form_MS_V3_revised2013.pdf.

DOE: Department of Energy, the United States, Retrieved from https://energy.gov/eere/education/energy-literacy-essential-principles-and-fundamental-concepts-energy-education.

Duerden, M. D., & Witt, P. A. (2010). The impact of direct and indirect experiences on the development of environmental knowledge , attitudes , and behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 379–392. doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.03.007

Dunlap, R. E., Van Liere, K. D., Mertig, A. G., & Jones, R. E. (2000). Measuring Endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm : A Revised NEP Scale. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 425–442.

Durant, J., Evans, G., & Thomas, G. (1992). Public understanding of science in Britain: the role of medicine in the popular representation of science. Public Understanding of Science, 1(2), 161–182. doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/1/2/002

Ennis, R. H. (1986). A taxonomy of critical thinking dispositions and abilities. In Baron, J. B. and Sternberg, R. J. (Ed.), TEACHING THINKING SKILLS: Theory and Practice. W. H. Freeman & Co (October 1986).

European Commission. (2011). Testing and Refining Criteria to Assess Media Literacy Levels in Europe Final Report. Retrieved from http://www.eavi.eu/joomla/images/stories/Publications/study_testing_and_refining_ml_levels_in_europe.pdf, Accessed May 9, 2015.

Fabrigar, L. R., Petty, R. E., Smith, S. M., & Crites Jr., S. L. (2006). Understanding Knowledge Effects on Attitude-Behavior Consistency: The Role of Relevance, Complexity, and Amount of Knowledge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(4), 556–577. doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.4.556

Frick, J., Kaiser, F. G., & Wilson, M. (2004). Environmental knowledge and conservation behavior: Exploring prevalence and structure in a representative sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(8), 1597–1613. doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.02.015

Gifford, R., & Nilsson, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro-environmental concern and behaviour: A review. International Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 141–57. doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12034

Glaser, E. M. (1941). An Experiment in the Development of Critical Thinking, Teachers College, Columbia University, contributions to education, No. 843, AMS PRESS, New York.

Guagnano, G. A., Stern, P. C., & Dietz, T. (1995). Influences on attitude-behavior relationships: A natural experiment with curbside recycling. Environment and Behavior, 27(5), 699–718. doi.org/10.1177/0013916595275005

Harland, P., Staats, H., & Wilke, H. A. M. (1999). Explaining Proenvironmental Intention and Behavior by Personal Norms and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(12), 2505–2528. doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00123.

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Hayes, A. F. (2014). PROCESS for SPSS. The Ohio State University, Release 2.13.2. WWW.afhayes.com, documentation in Appendix A of Hayes (2013), WWW.guilford.com/p/hayes3, Accessed Dec. 15, 2015.

Hines, J. M., Hungerford, H. R., & Tomera, A. N. (1987). Analysis and Synthesis of Research on Responsible Environmental Behavior: A Meta-Analysis, The Journal of Environmental Education, 118(2), 1–8.

Hirayama, R., & Kusumi, T. (2004). Effect of critical thinking disposition on interpretation of controversial issues: Evaluating evidences and drawing conclusions. Japanese Association of Educational Psychology, 52, 186–198.

Hobbs, R. (2008). Debates and Challenges Facing New Literacies in the 21st Century, International Handbook of Children, Media and Culture, ed. Drotner, Kirsten and Livingston, Sonia (London: Sage, 2008), 431-447. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/divisions/div46/hobbs_interview.html, Accessed May 9, 2015.

Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.

Hu, M. L. M., Horng, J. S., Teng, C. C. C., & Yen, C. D. (2013). Assessing students’ low carbon literacy by Ridit IPA approach. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 13, 202–212. doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2013.09.006

Hungerford, H. R., & Volk, T. L. (1990). Changing Learner Behavior through Environmental Education. Journal of Environmental Education, 21(3), 8–21. doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1990.10753743

ICAT: The International Center for the Assessment of Higher Order Thinking, Defining Critical Thinking definition. Retrieved from http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/766, Accessed Sept. 16, 2017.

JAEEE (2015). Panel discussion at the 10th Annual Conference of Japan Association of Energy and Environmental Education in Kyoto, Kyoto University of Education, Japan.

Jensen, J. O. (2008). Measuring consumption in households: Interpretations and strategies. Ecological Economics, 68(1-2), 353–361, doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.03.016

Jurin, R. R., & Fox-Parrish, L. (2008). Factors in Helping Educate about Energy Conservation. Environmental Education & Communication, 7(3).

Kaiser, F. G., & Fuhrer, U. (2003). Ecological Behavior’s Dependency on Different Forms of Knowledge. Applied Psychology, 52(4), 598–614.

Kaiser, F. G. Hübner, G., & Bogner, F. X. (2005). Contrasting the theory of planned behavior with the value-belief-norm model in explaining conservation behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35(10), 2150–2170. doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02213.x

Kallgren, C. A., & Wood, W. (1986). Access to attitude-relevant infromation in memory as a determinant of attitude-behaviour consistency. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 328–338.

Kawamoto S., Nakayama M., & Saijo, M. (2008).Understanding Science Literacy - A Questionnaire Designed for Proposing an Educational Program by Literacy Cluster-. Japanese Journal of Science Communication, 3, 40–60.

Klöckner, C. A., & Blöbaum, A. (2010). A comprehensive action determination model: Toward a broader understanding of ecological behaviour using the example of travel mode choice. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 574–586. doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.03.001

Klöckner, C. A. (2013). A comprehensive model of the psychology of environmental behaviour-A meta-analysis. Global Environmental Change, 23(5), 1028–1038. doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.014

Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? Environmental Education Research, 8, 239–260.

Kusumi, T., & Hirayama, R., (2013). Structure of Risk Literacy for Food-Related Risk Perception − Underlying Critical Thinking and Scientific Literacy −, Japanese journal of risk analysis, 23(3), 165-172.

Lawrenz, F., & Dantchik, A. (1985). Attitudes toward Energy among Students in Grades 4, 7 and High School. School Science and Mathematics, 85(3), 189–202.

Lee, L. S., Lee, Y. F., Altschuld, J. W., & Pan, Y. J. (2015). Energy literacy: Evaluating knowledge, affect, and behavior of students in Taiwan. Energy Policy, 76, 98–106. doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.11.012

Leeuw, A. De, Valois, P., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2015). Using the theory of planned behavior to identify key beliefs underlying pro-environmental behavior in high-school students: Implications for educational interventions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 42, 128–138. doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.03.005

Levine, D. S., & Strube, M. J. (2012). Environmental Attitudes, Knowledge, Intentions and Behaviors Among College Students. Journal of Social Psychology, 152(3), 308–326. doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2011.604363

Linn, R.L., Gronlund, N.E., 1995. Measurement and Assessment in Teaching. 7^th ed. Merrill, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

López-Mosquera, N., & Sánchez, M. (2012). Theory of Planned Behavior and the Value-Belief-Norm Theory explaining willingness to pay for a suburban park. Journal of Environmental Management, 113, 251–262.

Lyons, E., & Breakwell, G. M. (1994). Factors predicting environmental concern and indifference in 13- to 16-year- olds. Environment and Behavior, 26 (2), 223–238.

Macey, S. M., & Brown, M. A. (1983). Residential energy conservation: The role of past experience in repetitive household behavior. Environment and Behavior, 15(2), 123-141.

Meinhold, J. L., & Malkus, A. J. (2005). Adolescent Environmental Behaviors. Environment and Behavior, 37(4), 511–532. http://doi.org/10.1177/0013916504269665

MEXT (2010). Section 4 Science, Course of Study, Retrieved from http://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2011/04/11/1298356_5.pdf, Accessed on Nov. 9, 2017.

MEXT (2010a). Section 8 Technology and Home Economics, Course of Study, Retrieved from http://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2011/04/11/1298356_9.pdf, Accessed on Nov. 9, 2017.

Miller, J. D. (1983). Scientific Literacy: A Conceptual and Empirical Review. Daedalus, 112(2), 29–48. doi.org/http://www.jstor.org/stable/20024852

Miller, J. D. (1998). The measurement of civic scientific literacy. Public Understanding of Science, 7, 203–223. doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/7/3/001

Minitab.com (2018). http://blog.minitab.com/blog/adventures-in-statistics-2/how-to-interpret-a-regression-model-with-low-r-squared-and-low-p-values, Accessed Mar. 15, 2018.

Misaki, T. and Nakajima, T. (2005). A Study on the Students' Knowledge, Judgment, and Action for Energy Problems (1): Comparison among the Fifth Graders of Elementary Schools,the Second Graders of Lower Secondary Schools, and Second Graders of high Schools, Environmental Education, 14(3), 25-34.

Misaki, T. and Nakajima, T. (2005a). A Study on the Students' Knowledge, Judgment, and Action for Energy Problems (1): Comparison among the Fifth Graders of Elementary Schools,the Second Graders of Lower Secondary Schools, and Second Graders of high Schools, Environmental Education, 14(3), 35-41.

Mun, K., Lee, H., Kim, S. W., Choi, K., Choi, S. Y., & Krajcik, J. S. (2015). Cross-Cultural Comparison of Perceptions on the Global Scientific Literacy With Australian, Chinese, and Korean Middle School Students. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 13, S437–S465. doi.org/10.1007/s10763-013-9492-y.

NISTEP (2001). Reported by Okamoto, S., Niwa, F., Shimizu, K., & Sugiman, T. The 2001 Survey for Public Attitudes Towards and Understanding of Science & Technology in Japan, 2nd Policy-oriented Research Group, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP).

Ntona, E., Arabatzis, G., & Kyriakopoulos, G. L. (2015). Energy saving: Views and attitudes of students in secondary education. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 46, 1–15.

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

OECD (2016). PISA 2015 Results in Focus. Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.1787/9789264266490-en, Accessed on Aug. 3, 2017.

Peterson, G. W., & Rollins, B. C. (1987). Parent-child socialization. In Handbook of marriage and the family, Springer, Boston, MA, 471-507.

Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate behavioral research, 42(1), 185-227.

Qaqish, B. (2005). Developing Multiple Choice Tests for Social Work Trainings. Eighth Annual 2005 National Human Services Training Evaluation Symposium, 100.

Ronis, D. L., & Kaiser, M. K. (1989). Correlates of breast self-examination in a sample of college women: Analyses of linear structural relations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 19(13), 1068–1084.

Roy, J., Dowd, A. M., Muller, S., Pal, S., & Prata, N. (2012). Chapter 21 - Lifestyles, Well-Being and Energy. In Global Energy Assessment - Toward a Sustainable Future, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria,1527-1548. doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511793677.027

Schultz, P. W., & Zelezny, L. C. (1999). Values as Predictors of Environmental Attitudes: Evidence for Consistency Across 14 Countries. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19(3), 255–265. http://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1999.0129

Schwartz, S. H. (1973). Normative Explanations of Helping Behavior: A Critique, Proposal, and Empirical Test. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9, 349–364. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022103173900711, Accessed on Sept. 27, 2017.

Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative Influences on Altruism. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Norma, 10, 221–279, New York, N.Y.: Academic Press.

Schwarts, S. H., & Haward, J. A. (1981). A Normative Decision-Making Model of Altruism. In T. U. of W. O. J. Philippe Rushton, Richard M. Sorrentino (Ed.), Altruism and Helping Behavior: Social, Personality, and Developmental Perspectives, Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 189–211.

Sears, D.O., & Funk, C.L. (1999). Evidence of the long-term persistence of adults’ political predispositions. Journal of Politics, 61(1), 1-28.

Shen, B. S. P. (1975). “Scientific Literacy and the Public Understanding of Science,” Communication of Scientific Information, ed. S. Day (Basel: Karger), 44–52.

Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A value belief norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmental concern. Human Ecology Review, 6(2), 81–97. doi.org/10.2307/2083693

Stern, P. C. (2000). Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407–424. http://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175

Stern, P. C. (2011). Contributions of psychology to limiting climate change. American Psychologist, 66(4), 303–314. doi.org/10.1037/a0023235

Stern, P. C., Janda, K. B., Brown, M. A., Steg, L., Vine, E. L., & Lutzenhiser, L. (2016). Opportunities and insights for reducing fossil fuel consumption by households and organizations. Nature Energy, 1(5).

Teksoz, G., Sahin, E., & Tekkaya-Oztekin, C. (2011). Modeling Environmental Literacy of University Students. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 21(1), 157–166. doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9294-3

Thøgersen, J. (1996). Recycling and morality: A critical review of the literature. Environment and behavior, 28(4), 536-558.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (1989). Environmental literacy for all. Connect, 14(2), 1.

The University of Washington, The Office of Education Assessment, (2005). ‘Item Analysis,’ SCOREPAK®: ITEM ANALYSIS. Retrieved from https://www.washington.edu/oea/services/scanning_scoring/scoring/item_analysis.html, Accessed Dec. 18, 2015.

Zografakis, N., Menegaki, A. N., & Tsagarakis, K. P. (2008). Effective education for energy efficiency. Energy Policy, 36(8), 3216–3222. doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.04.021