logo logo International Journal of Educational Methodology

IJEM is a leading, peer-reviewed, open access, research journal that provides an online forum for studies in education, by and for scholars and practitioners, worldwide.

Subscribe to

Receive Email Alerts

for special events, calls for papers, and professional development opportunities.

Subscribe

Publisher (HQ)

RHAPSODE
Eurasian Society of Educational Research
College House, 2nd Floor 17 King Edwards Road, Ruislip, London, HA4 7AE, UK
RHAPSODE
Headquarters
College House, 2nd Floor 17 King Edwards Road, Ruislip, London, HA4 7AE, UK
Research Article

How Do Employability, Personality, and Talent Management Affect Lecturers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Widodo Widodo , Eka Maya Sari Siswi Ciptaningsih

Private universities in Indonesia need to urgently enhance the lecturers' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), especially in overcoming a tr.

P

Private universities in Indonesia need to urgently enhance the lecturers' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), especially in overcoming a transition period of learning patterns after the COVID-19 pandemic from online to offline. Therefore, this research explores employability, personality, and talent management affect OCB and proves job involvement mediates employability, personality, and talent management influences OCB. It was conducted through a survey using a Likert scale questionnaire with 230 participants of lecturers from Indonesian private universities. Path analysis supplemented by descriptive and correlational analysis was used as a data analysis technique. The results showed that employability, personality, talent management, and job involvement significantly affect OCB. In addition, job involvement mediates employability, personality, talent management influences OCB. Therefore, a new empirical model regarding employability, personality, and talent management affect OCB with job involvement mediation was developed. Accordingly, researchers and practitioners can utilize for the model in their future activities.

Keywords: Employability, job involvement, OCB, personality, talent management.

cloud_download PDF
Cite
Article Metrics
Views
424
Download
1232
Citations
Crossref
0

Scopus
0

References

Ahmed, S. S., Khan, M. M., Khan, E., Sohail, F., & Mahmood, N. (2021). Enhancing intellectual capital and organizational performance through talent management. In M. Shahbaz, M. S. Mubarik, & T. Mahmood (Eds.), The dynamics of intellectual capital in current era (pp. 205–220). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1692-1_10

Akinbobola, O. I., & Teluwo, A. (2018). Mediatory influence of work engagement on employability skill and job innovativeness. International Journal of Applied Psychology, 8(2), 17–22. https://bit.ly/3OmSgrv

Al-Dalahmeh, M., Héder-Rima, M., & Dajnoki, K. (2020). The effect of talent management practices on employee turnover intention in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) sector: Case of Jordan. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(4), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(4).2020.06

Alwi, M., Wiyono, B. B., Bafadal, I., & Imron, A. (2021). The relationship between personality, attitude, and organizational citizenship behavior of senior high school teachers in Indonesia. International Journal of Instruction, 14(2), 345–368. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14220a

Amalia, L., Ramadani, A., Bratakusumah, D. S., & Nurlinda, R. A. (2018). The effect of work involvement and work satisfaction to employee turnover intentions in Indonesia: Case study in SCTV. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI-2018) (pp. 2763-2769). ScitePress. https://doi.org/10.5220/0009952427632769

Andrew, S. A., & León-Cázares, F. (2015). Mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: Empirical analysis of public employees in Guadalajara, Mexico. EconoQuantum, 12(2), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.18381/eq.v12i2.4861

Andrews, G., & Russell, M. (2012). Employability skills development: Strategy, evaluation, and impact. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 2(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/ 20423891211197721

Arifin, M., Amali, H., & Puteri, H. E. (2019). The determinant of organizational citizenship behavior and examining the mediating roles of job involvement: Survey on lecturers of higher education of the Ministry of Industry in Indonesia. In E. A. Afendras, A. Susilo, H. S. Wanto, Muchlis, & M. Huda (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovation in Research (ICIIR 2018) – Section: Economics and Management Science (pp. 155–162). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/iciir-18.2019.29

Arifin, M., Herri, Amali, H., Elfindri, & Puteri, H. E. (2019). Personality, grit and organizational citizenship behavior at vocational higher education: The mediating role of job involvement. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 10(2), 168–187. https://jsser.org/index.php/jsser/article/view/682

Aval, S. M., Keikha, A., & Haddadi, E. (2017). Investigating the effect of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) components on organizational agility. Interdisciplinary Journal of Education, 1(2), 59–67. https://iase-idje.ir/article-1-44-en.pdf

Barron, P. (2008). Education and talent management: Implications for the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 730–742. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110810897583

Barsulai, S. C., Makopondo, R. O. B., & Fwaya, E. V. O. (2019). The effect of organizational citizenship behavior on employee productivity in star-rated hotels in Kenya. European Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 7(1), 1–8. https://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/The-Effect-of-Organizational-Citizenship-Behavior-on-Employee-Productivity-in-star-rated-hotels-in-Kenya.pdf

Berntson, E., Sverke, M., & Marklund, S. (2007). Predicting perceived employability human capital or labor market opportunities. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 27(2), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X06063098

Bibi, M. (2019). Impact of talent management practices on employee performance: An empirical study among healthcare employees. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 2(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.33215/sjom.v2i1.83

Bridgstock, R. (2009). The graduate attributes we’ve overlooked: Enhancing graduate employability through career management skills. Higher Education Research & Development, 28(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360802444347

Bui, L. T. T., & Chang, Y. (2018). Talent management and turnover intention: Focus on Danang city government in Vietnam. International Review of Public Administration, 23(4), 219-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2018.1552403

Chodorek, M., & Sudolska, A. (2016). The significance of organizational citizenship behavior for talent management – the example of polish companies. Journal of Economic and Social Development, 3(1), 76–86. https://www.jesd-online.com/dokumenti/upload/separated/Vol%203%20No%201_07.pdf

Cohen, M. X., Schoene-Bake, J.-C., Elger, C. E., & Weber, B. (2009). Connectivity-based segregation of the human striatum predicts personality characteristics. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 32–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2228

Collings, D. G., & Mellahi, K. (2009). Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 19(4), 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.04.001

Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5

Coyle-Shapiro, J. A.-M., Diehl, M.-R., & Chang, C. (2016). The employee–organization relationship and organizational citizenship behavior. In P. M. Podsakoff, S. B. Mackenzie, & N. P. Podsakoff (Eds.), The oxford handbook of organizational citizenship behavior (pp. 331-352). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219000.013.27

Creed, P. A., & Gagliardi, R.-E. (2015). Career compromise, career distress, and perceptions of employability: The moderating roles of social capital and core self-evaluations. Journal of Career Assessment, 23(1), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072714523082

De Cuyper, N., Bernhard-Oettel, C., Berntson, E., De Witte, H., & Alarco, B. (2008). Employability and employees’ well-being: Mediation by job insecurity. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57(3), 488–509. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00332.x

Dessler, G. (2015). Human resource management (14th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.

Dwirosanti, N. (2017). Impact of transformational leadership, personality and job involvement to organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Human Capital Management, 1(2), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.21009/IJHCM.01.02.04

Esfestani, Z. N., & Jalali, S. A. (2018). Relationship between job involvement and personality traits with teachers' job efficiency. Specialty Journal of Psychology and Management, 4(2), 37–48. https://bit.ly/43pqkHD  

Farhangi, A. A., Fotovat, B., Abdarzadeh, P., & Nezhas, M. S. (2017). The role of personality traits on job involvement with considering quality of work-life as mediator. Public Management Researches, 10(37), 5–28. https://doi.org/10.22111/JMR.2017.3676

Fugate, M., & Kinicki, A. J. (2008). A dispositional approach to employability: Development of a measure and test of implications for employee reactions to organizational change. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 81(3), 503–527. https://doi.org/10.1348/ 096317907X241579

Fuller, C. M., Simmering, M. J., Atinc, G., Atinc, Y., & Babin, B. J. (2016). Common methods variance detection in business research. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 3192–3198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.008

Galindo-Domínguez, H., & Bezanilla, M.-J. (2021). The importance of personality and self-efficacy for stress management in higher education. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 10(3), 247-270. https://doi.org/10.17583/ijep.7870

Gerke, A., Dickson, G., Desbordes, M., & Gates, S. (2017). The role of inter-organizational citizenship behaviors in the innovation process. Journal of Business Research, 73, 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.12.005

Ghani, N. M. A., Yunus, N. S. N. M., & Bahry, N. S. (2016). Leader's personality traits and employee's job performance in the public sector, Putrajaya. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30091-0

Griesel, H., & Parker, B. (2009). Graduate attributes: A baseline study on South African graduates from the perspective of employers. Higher Education South Africa and South African Qualifications Authority. http://hdl.voced.edu.au/10707/40519

Haider, S., Heredero, C. P., & Botella, J. L. M. (2017). Mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior in the relationship between feedback and innovation implementation. Journal of Organisational Studies and Innovation, 4(4), 1–18. 

Hair, J. F., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Black, W. C. (2018). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage India. 

Hatum, A. (2010). Next-generation talent management: Talent management to survive turmoil. Palgrave McMillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230295094

Hermawati, A., & Mas, N. (2017). Mediation effect of quality of work-life, job involvement, and organizational citizenship behavior in relationship between transglobal leadership to employee performance. International Journal of Law and Management, 59(6), 1143-1158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-08-2016-0070

Hidayah, S., & Harnoto. (2018). Role of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), perception of justice, and job satisfaction on employee performance. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 9(2), 170–178. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v9i2.14191

Hitu, & Baroda, S. (2018). Impact of talent management practices on employees’ performance in the private sector bank. International Journal of Management, 9(1), 16–21. https://bit.ly/3pEo41v

Hsiao, C.-H., & Wang, F.-J. (2020). Proactive personality and job performance of athletic coaches: Organizational citizenship behavior as mediator. Palgrave Communications, 6, Article 33. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0410-y

Imam, H., & Chambel, M. J. (2020). Productivity or illusion? Assessing employees' behavior in an employability paradox. Employee Relation, 42(6), 1271-1289. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2019-0446

Judeh, M. (2017). Linking organizational citizenship behavior to job involvement: The role of leader-member exchange. International Journal of Economic Research, 14(9), 197-207.

Khaki, I., Khanzadeh, H. E., & Rad, A. B. (2017). Talent management and innovative behavior based on the mediating role of organizational learning. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 79, 16–28. https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILSHS.79.16

Khoram, L. A., & Samadi, A. (2013). Relationship of talent management and organizational creativity in Maskan Bank of Hamedan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 18(5), 728–731.

Kim, B.-J., Nurunnabi, M., Kim, T.-H., & Jung, S.-Y. (2018). The influence of corporate social responsibility on organizational commitment: The sequential mediating effect of meaningfulness of work and perceived organizational support. Sustainability, 10(7), Article 2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072208

Kim, L. E., Jörg, V., & Klassen, R. M. (2019). A meta-analysis of the effects of teacher personality on teacher effectiveness and burnout. Educational Psychology Review, 31, 163–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-018-9458-2

Kock, N. (2020). Harman’s single factor test in PLS-SEM: Checking for common method bias. Data Analysis Perspectives Journal, 2(2), 1–6. https://bit.ly/3rqRXmg

Kravariti, F., & Johnston, K. (2020). Talent management: A critical literature review and research agenda for public sector human resource management. Public Management Review, 22(1), 75-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2019.1638439

Kreitner, R., & Kinicki, A. (2013). Organizational behavior (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Kumar, K., Bakhshi, A., & Rani, E. (2009). Linking the Big Five personality domains to organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 1(2), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v1n2p73.

Kuntonbutr, C., & Sangperm, N. (2019). Study on talent management influences customer satisfaction. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 20(2), 334–344. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2019.20.2.28

Lambert, E. G., Qureshi, H., Frank, J., Klahm, C., & Smith, B. (2018). Job stress, job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment and their associations with job burnout among Indian Police Officers: A research note. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 33, 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-017-9236-y

Lunardi, M. A., da Silva Zonatto, V. C., & Nascimento, J. C. (2019). Effects of job involvement, managerial attitudes, and information sharing on controllers performance in the budgetary context. Review of Business Management, 21(3), 540–562. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v21i3.4000

Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2007.0002.x

Magnano, P., Santisi, G., Zammitti, A., Zarbo, R., & Di Nuovo, S. (2019). Self-perceived employability and meaningful work: The mediating role of courage on quality of life. Sustainability, 11(3), Article 764. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030764

Malhotra, N. K., Schaller, T. K., & Patil, A. (2017). Common method variance in advertising research: When to be concerned and how to control for it. Journal of Advertising, 46(1), 193–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2016.1252287

Martin, E. A. (2016). Will attending a career and employability readiness program impact high school graduates’ intended citizenship behaviors? [Master’s thesis, Xavier University]. OhioLINK ETD Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1457601688

McDonald, P. K. (2018). How ‘flexible’ are careers in the anticipated life course of young people? Human Relations71(1), 23–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726717699053

McKenna, E. (2012). Business psychology and organizational behavior: An introductory text (5th ed.). Psychology Press.

McShane, S. L., & Von Glinow, M. A. Y. (2018). Organizational behavior: Emerging knowledge, global reality (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. 

Mehr, F. E., Mehr, L. E., & Mehr, R. E. (2018). Investigating the impact of internal brand management on organizational citizenship behavior with considering the mediation role of job involvement and organizational identity in the company of snow a household appliance. Journal of Organizational Behavior Research, 3(S2), 1–12. https://bit.ly/3NOC14Y

Mendoza, E. C. (2019). The mediating role of job involvement between job satisfaction and organizational commitment in a small and medium-sized business enterprise. International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(5), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.8355

Mensah, H. K., Agyapong, A., & Nuertey, D. (2017). The effect of corporate social responsibility on organizational commitment of employees of rural and community banks in Ghana. Cogent Business & Management, 4(1), Article 1280895. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1280895

Morgan, M. (2017). The employee experience advantage: How to win the war for talent by giving employees the workspaces they want, the tools they need, and a culture they can celebrate. John Wiley & Sons. 

Nawangsari, L. C., & Sutawidjaya, A. H. (2019). Talent management in mediating competencies and motivation to improve employee’s engagement. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 7(1), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/201

Olaka, L. O. M., Okafor, L. C., & Ulo, F. U. (2018). Talent management and innovation in Indigenous Hotels in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 20(3), 31–40. https://bit.ly/44GqpHL  

Onyishi, I. E., Enwereuzor, I. K., Ituma, A. N., & Omenma, J. T. (2015). The mediating role of perceived employability in the relationship between core self-evaluations and job search behavior. Career Development International, 20(6), 604–626. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-09-2014-0130

Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. Sage Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231082

Otu, S. E., Lambert, E. G., & Elechi, O. O. (2022). Testing the job demands-resources model for Nigerian prison staff job involvement. Corrections, 7(4), 319–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/23774657.2020.1800434

Parvaneh, R. (2016). The relationship of talent management and organizational development with job motivation of employees. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 64(2), 653–662. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020653

Passer, M. W., & Smith, R. E. (2009). Psychology: The science of mind and behavior (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Peleașă, S. (2018). Grit utility in explaining job and contextual performance. Studia Doctoralia, 9(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.47040/sd/sdpsych.v9i1.61

Philippaers, K., De Cuyper, N., Forrier, A., Elst, T. V., & De Witte, H. (2016). Perceived employability in relation to job performance: A cross-lagged study accounting for a negative path via reduced commitment. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.16993/sjwop.2

Pletzer, J. L., Oostrom, J. K., & de Vries, R. E. (2021). HEXACO personality and organizational citizenship behavior: A domain- and facet-level meta-analysis. Human Performance, 34(2), 126–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2021.1891072

Qi, F., & Wang, W. (2018). Employee involvement, public service motivation, and perceived organizational performance: testing a new model. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 84(4), 746-764. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852316662531

Richardson, M., & Abraham, C. (2009). Conscientiousness and achievement motivation predict performance. European Journal of Personality, 23(7), 589–605. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.732.

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational behavior Pearson Education Limited.

Rothwell, A., Herbert, I., & Rothwell, F. (2008). Self-perceived employability: Construction and initial validation of a scale for university students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2007.12.001

Sadeghi, G., Ahmadi, M., & Yazdi, M. T. (2016). The relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational performance (Case study: Agricultural Jihas Organization of Mazandaran Province). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 14(3), 317–324. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-si).2016.03

Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169.

Santrock, J. W. (2018). Educational psychology (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. 

Scheepers, R. A., Lombarts, K. M. J. M. H., van Aken, M. A. G., Heineman, M. J., & Arah, O. A. (2014). Personality traits affect teaching performance of attending physicians: Results of a multi-center observational study. PLoS ONE, 9(5), Article e98107. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098107.

Schiemann, W. A. (2014). From talent management to talent optimization. Journal of World Business, 49(2), 281–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.11.012

Schultz, D., & Schultz, S. E. (2010). Psychology and work today. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315665009

Scullion, H., Collings, D. G., & Caligiuri, P. (2010). Introduction global talent management. Journal of World Business, 45(2), 105–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2009.09.011

Singh, A., & Gupta, B. (2015). Job involvement, organizational commitment, professional commitment, and team commitment: A study of generational diversity. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 22(6), 1192–1211. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-01-2014-0007

Smilansky, J. (2006). Developing executive talent. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 

Smith, S. A., Patmos, A., & Pitts, M. J. (2018). Communication and teleworking: A study of communication channel satisfaction, personality, and job satisfaction for teleworking employees. International Journal of Business Communication, 55(1), 44–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488415589101

Son, J., Park, O., Bae, J., & Ok, C. (2020). Double-edged effect of talent management on organizational performance: The moderating role of HRM investments. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(17), 2188–2216. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2018.1443955

Stoffers, J. M., Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & Notelaers, G. L. A. (2014). Towards a moderated mediation model of innovative work behavior enhancement. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(4), 642–659. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-05-2014-0105 N

Sujono, D., Tunas, B., & Sudiarditha, I. K. R. (2020). Vitality of work involvement in mediation: The effect of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior. Management Science Letters, 10, 1061–1068. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.11.003  

Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Sassa, Y., Hashizume, H., Sekiguchi, A., Fukishima, A., & Kawashima, R. (2010). White matter structures associated with creativity: Evidence from diffusion tensor imaging. NeuroImage, 51(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.035

Tansley, C., Turner, P., Foster, C., Harris, L., Stewart, J., Sempik, A., & Williams, H. (2007). Talent: Strategy, management, measurement. CIPD.

Tehseen, S., Ramayah, T., & Sajilan, S. (2017). Testing and controlling for common method variance: A review of available method. Journal of Management Sciences, 4(2), 146–175. https://doi.org/10.20547/jms.2014.1704202

Tomlinson, J., Baird, M., Berg, P., & Cooper, R. (2018). Flexible careers across the life course: Advancing theory, research and practice. Human Relations, 71(1), 4–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726717733313

Udin, U., & Yuniawan, A. (2020). Psychological capital, personality traits of big-five, organizational citizenship behavior, and task performance: Testing their relationships. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 781790. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no9.781

Van der Heijde, C. M., & Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M. (2006). A competence-based and multidimensional operationalization and measurement of employability. Human Resource Management, 45(3), 449–476. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20119  

Van Griethuijsen, R. A. L. F., Van Eijck, M. W., Haste, H., den Brok, P. J., Skinner, N. C., Mansour, N., Gencer, A. S., & BouJaoude, S. (2015). Global patterns in students’ views of science and interest in science. Research in Science Education, 45, 581–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-014-9438-6

Vijayabanu, C., Govindarajan, K., & Renganathan, R. (2014). Organizational citizenship behavior and job involvement of Indian private sector employees using visual PLS-SEM model. Management: Journal of Contemporary Management Issues, 19(2), 185-196. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/196735

Whiteoak, J. W. (2015). The utility of job involvement over job satisfaction in contributing to an individual’s effectiveness in flourishing at work. International Journal of Recent Advances in Organizational Behaviour in Decision Science, 1(1), 239–251.

Wibawa, B. A., Hamidah, H., & Wibowo, W. (2022). The influence of transformational leadership, talent management, and organizational culture on managers’ work productivity at PGN with OCB As Intervening. International Journal of Social Science Research, 4(1), 355-375. https://bit.ly/3pP6Bn2

Widodo, W. (2019). Metodologi penelitian populer & praktis [Popular & practical research methodologies]. Rajawali Pers.

Widodo, W. (2021). Enhancing teachers’ professional competence through grit, personality, and creativity. Management Science Letters, 11, 129-138. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.8.022

Widodo, W., & Chandrawaty, C. (2020). Assessing the effect of grit and employability on organizational commitment mediating by job involvement. Management Science Letters, 10, 2403–2410. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.4.011

Widodo, W., & Damayanti, R. (2020). Vitality of job satisfaction in mediation: The effect of reward and personality on organizational commitment. Management Science Letters, 10, 2131–2138. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.1.016

Widodo, W., & Gustari, I. (2020). Teacher's innovative behavior in Indonesian school: The role of knowledge management, creativity and OCB. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(10), 4784–4791. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081050

Wille, B., de Fruyt, F., & Feys, M. (2013). Big five traits and intrinsic success in the new career era: A 15‐Year longitudinal study on employability and work-family conflict. Applied Psychology, 62(1), 124–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00516.x

Xie, J. Y. (2011). Employability and its development. Truth and Wisdom Press.

Yu, M., & Lee, H. (2018). Impact of resilience and job involvement on turnover intention of new graduate nurses using structural equation modeling. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 15(4), 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12210

Zhang, S. (2014). Impact of job involvement on organizational citizenship behaviors in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 120, 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1654-x

...