The Predictive Role of Homophobia and Unconditional Self-Acceptance on Respect of Differences in Psychological Counselor Candidates
This research was conducted to investigate the predictive role of homophobia and unconditional self-acceptance on respect of differences in psychologi.
- Pub. date: February 15, 2019
- Pages: 59-70
- 578 Downloads
- 1219 Views
- 2 Citations
This research was conducted to investigate the predictive role of homophobia and unconditional self-acceptance on respect of differences in psychological counselor candidates. Participants were 239 psychological counselor candidates. The Respect of Differences Scale, the Homophobia Scale, and the Unconditional Self-Acceptance Scale were used to collect the data. Path analysis was used to determine the influences of variables on respect of differences. The independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to determine differences between participants in terms of gender and grade. The results of the analysis indicated that homophobia and unconditional self-acceptance are predictors of respect of differences, and place of living and traditionally have an indirect effect on respect of differences. In addition, female participants reported a higher level of respect of differences than male participants. Similarly, first year college students reported a higher level of respect of differences than fourth year college students.
Keywords: Homophobia, unconditional self-acceptance, respect of differences, path analysis
References
Abbott, M. L. (2011). Understanding educational statistics using: Microsoft Excel and SPSS. United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Akar-Vural, R., & Gomleksiz, M. (2010). Us and others: A study on prospective classroom teachers’ discriminatory attitudes. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 38, 216-233.
Akdas-Mitrani, A. T. (2008). Escinsellere yonelik olumsuz tutumlar: Meslek gruplari ve iliskileri ozellikler [Attitudes towards homosexuals: Occupational groups and characteristics]. Turkish Journal of Forensic Sciences, 7(24), 23-30.
Akin, U., & Ozdemir, M. (2009). Ogretmen adaylarinin demokratik degerlerinin cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi: Egitim bilimleri fakultesi ornegi [The Examination of Teacher Candidates’ Democratic Values in Terms of Various Variables: The case of Faculty of Educational Sciences]. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 42(2), 188-198.
APA, (2003). Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologists. American Psychological Association, 58(5), 377-402.
Aycan, N., & Calik, D. (2003). Ilkogretim okullarinda demokrasi egitimi: Manisa ili ornegi [Democracy education in primary schools: Manisa sample]. Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 1(2), 19–29.
Aydemir, H., & Aksoy, D. A. (2010). Egitim fakultesi ogrencilerinin demokratik tutumlarinin bazi degiskenlerle iliskisi: Malatya ornegi [The relationship of democratic attitudes of the students at the Faculty of Education with some variables: Malatya sample]. Erzincan University Journal of Education Faculty, 12(1), 265-279.
Aydin, M. (2003). Gencligin deger algisi: Konya ornegi [Youth’s values perception: Konya sample]. Journal of Values Education, 1(3), 121-144.
Baird, V. (2004). Cinsel cesitlilik: Yonelimler, politikalar, haklar ve ihlaller [The no-nonsense guide to sexual diversity]. H. Dogan (Translator Ed.). Istanbul: Metis Publishing.
Budak, S. (2003). Psikoloji sozlugu [Dictionary of Psychology] (2th ed.). Ankara: Science and Art Publishing.
Buyukkaragoz, S., & Kesici, S. (1996). Ogretmenlerin hosgoru ve demokratik tutumlari [Tolerance and democratic attitudes of teachers]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 2(3), 353-365.
Byrne, B. M. (2009). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2th ed.). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
Cirakoglu, O. C. (2006). Perception of homosexuality among Turkish university students: The roles of labels, gender and prior contact. The Journal of Social Psychology, 146(3), 293-305.
Coban, A. A., Karaman, N. G., & Dogan, T. (2010). Ogretmen adaylarinin kulturel farkliliklara yonelik bakis acilarinin cesitli demografik degiskenlere gore incelenmesi [Investigation of preservice teachers’ perspectives on cultural diversity in terms of various demographic variables]. Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Education Faculty, 10(1), 125-131.
Davies, M. F. (2006). Irrational beliefs and unconditional self-acceptance: Correlational evidence linking two key features of REBT. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cogn-Behav Therapy, 24, 113–124.
Derman-Sparks, L. (2010). Anti-bias curriculum: Tools for empowering young children (2th ed).Washington D.C.: National Association For The Education of Young Children.
Dilmac, B., Kulaksizoglu, A., & Eksi, H. (2007). Bir grup fen lisesi ogrencisine verilen insani degerler egitiminin insani degerler olcegi ile sinanmasi [An examination of the humane values education program on a group of science high school students]. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 7(3), 1221-1261.
Ekmisoglu, M. (2007). Erken cocukluk doneminde farkliliklara saygi egitimi kavrami hakkinda ogretmen goruslerinin incelenmesi ve Farkliliklara Saygi Olcegi’nin gecerlik guvenirlik calismasi [Examining teachers' views about respect for diversities at early childhood period and study of validity and reliability of the scale of respect for diversities] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
Ektem, S. I., & Sunbul, M. A. (2011). Ogretmen adaylarinin demokratik tutumlari uzerine bir arastirma [A research on the democratic attitudes of pre-service teachers]. Selcuk University Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty Journal, 31, 159- 168.
Ellis, A. (1973). Humanist psychother. The rational-emotive approach. New York: The Sulian Press.
Ercoskun, H. M., & Nalcaci, A. (2008). Sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin empatik beceri ve demokratik tutumlarinin incelenmesi [Examining empathic skills and democratic attitudes of preservice teachers]. The Journal of National Education, 180, 204-215.
Erdem. A. R., & Saritas, E. (2006). Sinif ogretmenligi ogrencilerinin ogretim elemanlarinin davranislarinin demokratikligine iliskin algilari: PAU ornegi [Pre-service teachers’ perception about their faculty members’ democratic behaviors: PAU sample]. Selcuk University The Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 16, 525–538.
Fergeson, L. (2008). Cok Kulturluluge Giris [Future Worlds Center]. In Y. Laouris (Ed.). Lefkosa: Cyprus.
Foxman, E., & Easterling, D. (1999). The Representation of diversity in marketing principles texts: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Education for Business, 74(4), 285- 288.
Genc, S. Z., & Kalafat, T. (2008). Ogretmen adaylarinin demokratik tutumlari ile empatik becerilerinin degerlendirilmesi uzerine bir arastirma [A research on the evaluation of democratic attitudes and empathic skills of prospective teachers]. Manas Journal of Social Studies, 19, 211-222.
Gomleksiz, M. N., & Cetintas, S. (2011). Ogretmen adaylarinin demokratik tutumlari [Democratic attitudes of prospective teachers]. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Faculty of Education, 17, 1-14.
Goregenli, M. (2004). Gruplararasi iliski ideolojisi olarak homofobi [Homophobia as the ideology of intergroup relationships]. In Kaos GL, Geylerin ve lezbiyenlerin sorunlari ve toplumsal baris icin cozum arayislari- Sempozyum kitabi [Problems of gays and lesbians, and solutions for social peace- Symposium book] (pp. 171-175). Ankara: Kaos GL.
Guasp, A. (2012). School Report: The experiences of gay young people in Britain’s schools in 2012. London: Stonewall and University of Cambridge - Center for Family Research.
Guney, N., Kargi, E., & Corbaci-Oruc, A. (2004). Universite ogrencilerinin escinsellik konusundaki goruslerinin incelenmesi [Determination of college students’ beliefs about homosexuality]. Turkish Journal of HIV/AIDS, 7, 131-137.
Guven, E. (2012). Sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin farkliliklara saygi duzeyleri ile ozerklik duzeyleri arasindaki iliskinin incelenmesi [Investigation of the relationship between respect of differences and autonomy levels of pre-service primary school teachers] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
Harbaugh, E., & Lindsey, W. (2015). Attitudes toward homosexuality among young adults: Connections to gender role identity, gender-typed activities, and religiosity. Journal of Homosexuality, 62, 1098–1125. Doi:10.1080/00918369.2015.1021635
Hasiloglu, B.S., Baran, T., & Aydin, O. (2015). Pazarlama arastirmalarindaki potansiyel problemere yonelik bir arastirma: Kolayda ornekleme ve siklik ifadeli olcek maddeleri [A study on the potential problems in marketing research: convenience sampling and scale items with adverbs of frequency]. Pamukkale Journal of Business and Information Management, 2(1), 19-28.
Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (2015). Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social psychological perspective. Stigma and Health, 1, 18–34. Doi:10.1037/2376-6972.1.S.18
Hudson, W., & Ricketts, W. (1980). A strategy for the measurement of homophobia. Journal of Homosexuality, 5, 357-372.
Jehn, K. A., Northcraft, G. B., & Neale, M. A. (1999). Why differences make a difference: A field study of diversity, conflict, and performance in workgroups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(4), 741-763.
Kagnici, D. Y. (2011). Teaching multicultural counseling: An example from a Turkish counseling undergraduate program. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 44, 118-128.
Kagnici, D. Y. (2013). Cok kulturlu psikolojik danisma egitiminin rehberlik ve psikolojik danismanlik lisans programlarina yerlestirilmesi [Accommodating multicultural counseling training in the guidance and counseling undergraduate programs]. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 5(40), 222-231.
Kagnici, D.Y. (2014). Reflections of a multicultural counseling course: A qualitative study with counseling students and counselors. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 14(1), 53-62. Doi:10.12738/estp.2014.1.1965
Kapikiran, N. A., & Kapikiran, S. (2010). Kosulsuz kendini kabul olceginin Turk universite ogrencileri icin gecerligi ve guvenirligi [Unconditional self-acceptance scale: The validity and reliability for Turkish university students]. Kriz Dergisi [Journal of crisis], 18(1), 33-44.
Karadag, E., Baloglu N., & Yalcinkayalar, P. (2006). Ilkogretim okulu yoneticilerinin ogretmenler tarafindan algilanan demokratik tutumlari ile ogretmenlerin demokratik degerleri uzerine iliskisel bir arastirma [A study on the relation between democratic attitudes of primary school administrators perceived by the teachers and democratic values of the teachers]. Journal of Values Education, 4(12), 65-82.
Karahan, F. T., Sardogan, E.M., Ozkamali, E., & Dicle, N. A. (2006). Ogretmen adaylarinda demokratik tutum, nevrotik egilimler ve kendini gerceklestirme [Democratic attitude, neurotic tendencies and self-actualization in prospective teachers]. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 30, 149-158.
Karasar, N. (1994). Bilimsel arastirma yontemi [Scientific research method]. (19th ed.). Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
Karatekin, K., Merey, Z., & Kus, Z. (2013). Ogretmen adaylari ve ogretmenlerin demokratik tutumlarinin cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi [Analysis of the democratlc attitudes of preservice teachers and teachers in terms of some variables]. Kastamonu Education Journal, 21(2), 561-574.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2th ed.). New York: Guilford.
Levinson, M. H., & Ellis, A. (2005). The myth of self-esteem: How rational emotive behavior therapy can change your life forever. Amherst, NY: Prometheus.
McCreary, M. L., & Walker, T. D. (2001). Teaching multicultural counseling prepracticum. Teaching of Psychology, 28(3), 195-198.
McKillup, S. (2012). Statistics explained: An introductory guide for life scientists (2th ed.). United States: Cambridge University Press.
Mertler, C. A., & Vannatta, R. A. (2005). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation (3th ed.). United States: Pyrczak Publishing.
Murdock, T., & Bolch, M. (2005). Risk and protective factors for poor school adjustment in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) high school youth: Variable and person-centred analyses. Psychology in the Schools, 42(2), 159-172.
Nalcaci, A., & Ercoskun, H. M. (2006). Sosyal bilgiler ogretmen adaylarinin demokratik tutumlarinin cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi [Analyzing of the democratic attitudes of candidates teachers of social knowledge in terms of some changeable]. Journal of Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, 14, 241-257.
Oksuz, Y., & Guven, E. (2012). Farkliliklara saygi olcegi (FSO): Gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismasi [The respect of differences scale: Study of reliability and validity]. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 5(5), 457-473.
Ozben, S. (1991). Yurt disindan donen isci cocuklarinin uyum problemlerinin okul basarilarina etkisi ve Turkiye’de yetisen ogrencilerle karsilastirilmasi [The effect of the adaptation problems on the academic achievement of the children of the Turkish workers returning from abroad compared with the ones brought up in Turkey] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
Ozodasik, M. (2009). Kisilerarasi iletisim surecinde algi, ikna ve empatik iliskiler [Perception, persuasion and empathic relations in interpersonal communication process]. Konya: Tablet Publishing.
Poteat, V. P., & Anderson, C. J. (2012). Developmental changes in sexual prejudice from early to late adolescence: The effects of gender, race, and ideology on different patterns of change. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1403–1415. Doi:10.1037/a0026906
Raz, J. (2001). Value, respect and attachment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rengi, O., & Polat, S. (2014). Sinif ogretmenlerinin kulturel farklilik algilari ve kulturlerarasi duyarliliklari [Primary teachers’ perception of cultural diversity and intercultural sensitivity]. Journal of World of Turks, 6 (3), 135-156.
Rivers, I. (1996). Young, gay and bullied. Young People Now, 81, 18-19.
Robinson, J. P., & Espelage, D. L. (2011). Inequties in educational and psychological outcomes between LGBTQ and straight students in middle and high school. Educational Researcher, 40(7), 315-330.
Saglam, H. I. (2000). Sosyal bilgiler dersinin demokratik tutum gelistirmedeki rolu [The role of social studies course in developing democratic attitudes]. National Education Journal, 146.
Sakalli, N. (2002a). The relationship between sexism and attitudes toward homosexuality in a sample of Turkish college students. Journal of Homosexuality, 42, 51-62.
Sakalli, N. (2002b). Application of the attribution-value model of prejudice to homosexuality. Journal of Social Psychology, 142, 264-271.
Sakalli, N., & Ugurlu, O. (2001). Effects of social contact with homosexuals on heterosexual Turkish university students attitudes towards homosexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(1), 53-62.
Sakalli-Ugurlu, N., &, Ugurlu, O. (2004). Escinsellik ve escinsellige iliskin tutumlar: Onyargi ve ayrimcilik [Homosexuality and attitudes towards homosexuality: Prejudice and discrimination]. In Kaos GL, Geylerin ve lezbiyenlerin sorunlari ve toplumsal baris icin cozum arayislari- Sempozyum kitabi [Problems of gays and lesbians, and solutions for social peace- Symposium book] (pp. 62-77). Ankara: Kaos GL.
Santona, A., & Tognasso, G. (2018). Attitudes toward homosexuality in adolescence: An Italian study. Journal of Homosexuality, 65(3), 361-378, Doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1320165
Sarac, L. (2012). Attitudes of future physical education teachers in Turkey toward lesbians and gay men. Psychological Reports, 111(3), 765-775.
Sargin,N., & Circir, O. (2015). The attitudes of prospective teachers toward homosexuality: A case study in Konya. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 1(1), 17-24.
Selek, P. (2001). Bir altkulturun dislanma mekani: Ulker sokak [Place of exclusion of a subculture: Ulker street] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Mimar Sinan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Selek, P. (2004). Ataerkillik ve escinsellere yonelik siddet [Patriarchy and violence against homosexuals]. In Kaos GL, Geylerin ve lezbiyenlerin sorunlari ve toplumsal baris icin cozum arayislari- Sempozyum kitabi [Problems of gays and lesbians, and solutions for social peace- Symposium book] (pp. 175-178). Ankara: Kaos GL.
Sprent, P., & Smeeton, N. C. (2007). Applied nonparametric statistical methods (4th ed.). United States: CRC Press.
Sumer, N. (2000). Yapisal esitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve ornek uygulamalar [Structural equation modeling: Basic concepts and applications]. Turkish Psychology Review, 3(6), 49-74.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
Thompson, B. L., & Waltz, J. A. (2008). Mindfulness, self-esteem and unconditional self-acceptance. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cogn-Behaviour Therapy, 26, 119-126.
Topses, G. (2013). Psikolojik Danisma Surecinde “kendini kabul” ve “savunucu davranis” kavramlarinin felsefi ve psikolojik boyutlari [The philosophical and psychological aspects of self-acceptance and defensive behaviors]. Folklore/ Literature, 19(74), 61-72.
Ummak, E. (2012). Mersin University ogrencilerinin escinsellere yonelik tutumlarinin incelenmesi [A study of the attitudes of Mersin University students towards LGBT indivudals] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
Uner, E. (2011). Okul oncesi egitim programindaki 36-72 aylik cocuklara farkliliklara saygi egitimi kazandirmanin ogretmen gorusleri dogrultusunda incelenmesi [Evaluation of 36-72 months old childrens acquisition of respect to dissimilarity education in the preschool education programme, in accodance with opinion standpoints of teachers] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
Unlu, I., & Orten, H. (2013). Ogretmen adaylarinin cok kulturluluk ve cok kulturlu egitime yonelik algilarinin incelenmesi [Investigation The Perception of Teacher Candidates About Multiculturism and Multicultural Education]. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Faculty of Education, 21, 287-302.
Yazici, K. (2011). Sosyal bilgiler ogretmen adaylarinin demokratik degerlerinin cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi [An analysis of social studies prospective teachers’ democratic values in relation to various variables]. Education and Science, 36(159), 165-178.
Yener, H. (2007). Personel performansina etki eden faktorlerin yapisal esitlik modeli (YEM) ile incelenmesi ve bir uygulama [A study of factors affecting employee performance with structural equational model and an application] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
Yildiz, S., Atamer, A., & Yavuz, M. F. (2003). Correlates of negative attitudes of undergraduate students towards gay men and lesbians. Forensic Sciences International, 136(1), 290.